2016专业四级考试词汇详解

下面是小编整理的2016年专业英语四级考试词汇详解,提供给大家,希望可以帮助到你们。

2016专业四级考试词汇详解

 be+不定式结构

表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如:

There's to be an investigation.

I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.

这一结构常见于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如:

The Queen is to visit Japan next year.

二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:

You are to stand here. Do you understand?

Tell her she's not to be back late.

一般现在时也可表达将来时间,常见于条件状语和时间状语从句。例如:

If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.

Wait here till the meeting is over.

It won't be long before the rain stops.

 近义词辨析

begin, commence, initiate, launch, start

这组词均含有“开始”的意思。

begin

在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。

The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐

commence

比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.

The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。

initiate

指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。

The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案

launch

指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。

The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。

Start

与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin.

They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。

关于used to的意义和用法

used to (只有过去时形式,没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态,这种情况现已不复存在。例如:

He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.

在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中,用didn't use to或usedn't to均可:

He didn't use to smoke cigarettes.

He usedn't to smoke cigarettes.

Didn't Maria use to be interested in the theatre?

Usedn't Maria to be interested in the theatre?

在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式:

Used you to go to the same school as Edward?

Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?

 近义词辨析

use, apply, avail, employ, utilize

这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。

use

强调利用人或物作为工具。

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料,花光了一切钱财。

apply

指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论,还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

avail

指使用就近的`或他人给予的东西,或使别人为自己提供服务。

I don't think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。

We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语

employ

指使用未被利用的东西;用于人时表示雇用。

He doesn't know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。

utilize

指充分发挥某物的作用,使无用的东西变有用,或使人或物有新用途。

She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。

  关于dare的意义和用法

作为情态动词表示“胆敢”,dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如:

I dare not go there.

How dare he say such rude things about me?

dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式,其否定式为daren't,既可指现在时间,也可指过去时间。例如:

Tom wanted to come, but he daren't.

dare还可用主动词,随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to.例如:

He does not dare (to) answer.

Does she dare (to) go there alone?

  近义词辨析

besides, but, except, except for

这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。

besides

“除…外,还有…”,指更进一步的拥有,包括所“除”事物在内。

Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?

but

不包括所引事物在内,多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用。

He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人,只能怪他自己。

except

不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用,但不可用于句首。

They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。

except for

常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外,整体情况尚属理想,被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。

The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外,路面很空旷。