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阅读理解|||下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
Computers in Cars
You're far from home on alonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. athickmist (雾) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car's windshield (挡风玻璃).
"Can this B.e route 90A?" you wonder. If it is, you should be near atown. Yet there's nohint of one. Night is closing in. And you're low on gasoline.
This is asituation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be abig help.
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exist. Several experimental models arebeing tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car makers. These computersvary in detail. but they all contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes. For example, onecomputer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
before starting out on atrip, er can type in the code for the region he or she plans todrive through. The computer then shows amap of that region. At the same time, atiny radio re-ceiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such asthe NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows the car's position at all timesand displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best routeto follow.
Anavigation computer may also receive and use dataabout road construction, weather condi-tions, and trafficjams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer wouldalso use the information to work out alternate (交替的 ) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microproces-sors (微处理的) control certain engine functions B.y regulating the mixing of fuel. Dataon carspeed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayedas digital data(numbers) or warning lights.
Some auto designers suggest that acentral computer display be used to clearly present suchtimely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate adrop in oil pres-sure or asudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions, thedriver could call it up on the computer display screen. When needed, the computer could be"asked" to provide navigation aid or information about the car's condition.
by describing atypical situation of alost driver on the road, the author intends to__________.
us believe how complex the highway computer network is
us know how in-car computers are linked to road signs
us how helpful anavigation computer can be
us that NAVSTAR has come into use
参考答案：C
参考解析：文章第二段描述了一位司机迷路的情况，紧接着第三段讲到，当汽车上装载了计算机导航系统后，会给司机到来很大的方便。很明显，答案为选项C。
The word "navigate" in Paragraph 3 means__________.
A."help one control the traffic"
B."help one find one's way"
C."give aship correct information about its course"
ct aplane to its destination"
参考答案：B
参考解析： 本题属于词汇题，问“navigate”在第三段中的意思是什么?navigate的本意是“导航”，即选项C的意思，但在文中，它指的不是给轮船导航，而是为汽车导航，为驾驶员指路，故选项B.为正确答案。
The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all__________.
ain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes
ain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
be ed free of charge
of money
参考答案：A
参考解析： 本题是根据第四段中间这两句话出的问题“These computers vary in theyall contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes.”所有(车载)计算机导航系统都含有电子地图，即保存在视盘或录像带上的地图(series of maps on videodiscs or video-tapes)，所以A为正确答案。
Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer__________.
d still be able to locate the. car's position at all times
d fail to locate the car's position
d still work out the best route to follow
d seek help from the radio receiver linked to it
参考答案：B
参考解析： 本题问的是当车载计算机收不到来自导航卫星的信号时会出现什么情况。根据常识可以判断，计算机无法确定汽车的位置。此题可以通过第五段中的“Using these sig-nals，the computer shows the car's position at all times and displays this position on themap.”推断出来，本题是此句意思的反说。
Of the following functions, which is NOT possessed by the navigation computer?
ing amap of the region adriver plans to drive through.
icting acar crash on the road.
ing information about road construction, weather conditions, and trafficjams.
ing the car's position at all times and displaying it on the map.
参考答案：B
参考解析： 选项中给出了计算机导航系统的几个功能，问其中哪项不是。通过阅读短文，我们发现选项B.的信息文中没有提到，故此题选B。
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor en-trances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts bay Colony in 1716 on Little brew-ster Island at the entrance to boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by "light dues" levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only adozen or sotrue lighthouses in the colonies. Little over acentury later, there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basicNew England design:aCape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing closeby. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected avariety of architectural styles.
Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towerswere not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood onpilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland throughthe , the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there--massive structures like the majesticlighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina,which was lit in1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in Americasharedseveral features : alight, living quarters, and sometimes abell ( or, later, afoghorn). They alsohad something else in common: akeeper and usually the keeper's family. The keeper's essentialtask was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earli-est keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough millhands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.
After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouseboard, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly profes-sional.
Which is the best title for the passage?
Lighthouse on Little brewster Island.
Life of aLighthouse Keeper.
y Lighthouses in the United States.
Modem Profession of Lighthouse-keeping.
参考答案：C
参考解析：本文从最早美国灯塔的雏形，谈到美国早期灯塔的建筑，以及美国早期灯塔在外形和建筑上的共同点，最后还谈到了灯塔管理人员的工作生活。文章所提到的要点都是围绕着美国早期灯塔。选项B.、D文中均有涉及，但并非重点。A项只提到了美国第一座灯塔。所以，正确答案是C。
Why does the author mention the Massachusetts bay Colony?
was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse .
of the tallest lighthouses were built there.
first lantern wicks were developed there.
first lighthouse in North Americawas built there.
参考答案：D
参考解析： 考的'具体细节是作者提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地的原因。本文第一段第二句“The firstlighthouse was put upby the Massachusetts bay Colony in l716 on Little brewster Island atthe enhance to boston Harbor”提供了答案。所以，正确答案是D。
It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did NOT need high tow-ers because__________.
s there had high masts
tal waters were safe
coast was straight and unobstructed
lighthouses were built on high places
参考答案：D
参考解析： 考的是位于东北地区的灯塔建得不是很高的原因。本题的线索在第二段第三句话
“Since most stations in the Northeast were buih on rocky eminences，enormous towers werenot the rule.”文中说，由于大多数位于东北地区的灯塔建在岩石高地上，所以，一般灯塔都不需要建得很高很大。所以，正确答案是D。
According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound?
le brewster Island.
FloridaKeys.
Hatteras.
Cod.
参考答案：C
参考解析： 考的具体细节是最高的砖砌灯塔位于什么地方。依据原文第二段第八句话，“…like the majesticlighthouse in Cape Hatteras…it is the tallestbrick lighthouse in the coun-try”我们可以得知，1870年建于北卡罗来纳州Hatteras角的灯塔是美国最高的砖砌灯塔，高度为190英尺。所以，正确答案是C。
We can know from the passage that the coast of North Carolinais __________.
y eminences
and flat
and sandy
and sandy
参考答案：C
参考解析： 考的是北卡罗来纳州的海岸情况。根据原文第二段第七、八句话“Farther south。from Maryland through the FloridaKeys，…it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.”可知，马里兰(Maryland)和佛罗里达海岸(the FloridaKeys)相似，而马里兰(Maryland)和佛罗里达(the FloridaKeys)海岸是low and sandy。所以，北卡罗来纳州也应是lowand sandy。选项y eminences指的是美国东北海岸，选项B.、D根本没有提及。所以，正确条案是C。
Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life, hut it's not much fun--and it might not e-yen be necessary. We may be to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start todiet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of Californiaat Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse wasyoung simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The geneticrejuvenation won't reverse other dam- age causedby time for the mouse, could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler's team fed three mice anormal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three onhalf-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for amonth whenthey were 34 months old--equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like in-flammation and free radical production--probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that haddieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most sur-prising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age alsobenefited from 70 percentof these gene changes.
"This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly," says Warnerfrom the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, Spindler ishopeful. "There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work," he says.
If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol-der, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. f period of time of die-ting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure adrug is effective.
but Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it. "The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry," he says. "Even seeing what adiet does, it's still hard to go to arestaurantand say: ' I can only eat half of that. '"
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in Califor-nia, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
ng less than usual might make us live longer.
we go on adiet when old, we may keep healthy.
ing might not be needed.
have to begin dieting since childhood.
参考答案：D
参考解析：第一段第一句讲“节食可能不是非做不可的事”，第二句讲“即使上了年纪再节食，我们仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力”，因此，“我们必须从小就开始节食”是错误的。D是正确答案。
Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?
describe the influence of old age on mice.
illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.
tell us how mice's liver genes behave.
inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.
参考答案：B
参考解析： 第二段提及“一只高龄老鼠”的时候，作者谈到，“只要连续四周限制它进食，它的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力”。据此，“为了描述节食对老鼠所产生的影响”最好地回答了题干中的问题。
What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?
will not experience free radical production.
will experience more geneticrejuvenation in their lifetime.
have more old liver genes tobehave like young genes.
are more likely to suffer from inflammation.
参考答案：D
参考解析： 第四段提到，“正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的增长有46条肝脏基因会发生变化，这种变化与炎症和有机体组织无限激增有关”，因此D正确。
According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?
mice that started dieting in old age.
B.27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.
rie restriction that works in people.
ing that makes sure adrug is effective.
参考答案：A
参考解析： 第四段最后一个句子讲“但最惊人的发现是那些上了年纪才开始节食的老鼠也能从70%的基因变化中受益”。“最惊人的”自然是“最令研究人员感兴趣的”。
According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that__________.
s do not have the effects of calorie restriction
ing is not agood method to give us health and long life
ng the effect of adiet, people will like to eat less than normal
rie restriction is very important to young people
参考答案：B
参考解析：文章的最后两段谈及Spindler对节食的看法。首先，他不能肯定节食是否值得。其次，他希望在不久的将来，我们不必节食。所以我们可以推知，他认为节食不是得以健康长寿的好办法。
