东、西方文化历史背景是中、西医学形成、发展的土壤。公元2世纪东、西方的两位医学巨匠张仲景和盖伦，传承了不同的学术思想，创建了迥异的医学范式，发展和完善了不同的理论体系，使中、西医学各自走向了两条完全不同的`发展道路。
1.医院部门及科室名称
out-patient department 门诊部
In-patient department 住院部
Nursing department 护理部
Admission office 住院处
Discharge office 出院处
Registration office 挂号处
Reception room, waiting room 侯诊室
Consultation room 诊察室
Isolation room 隔离室
Delivery room 分娩室
Emergency room 急诊室
Ward 病房室
Department of internal medicine 内科
Department of surgery 外科
Department of pediatrics 儿科
Department of obstetrics and gynecology 妇科
Department of neurology 神经科
Department of ophtalmology 眼科
rtment 耳鼻喉科
Department of stomatology 口腔科
Department of urology 泌尿科
Department of orthopedic 骨科
Department of traumatology 创伤科
Department of endocrinology 内分泌科
Department of anesthesiology 麻醉科
Department of dermatology 皮肤科
Department of infectious diseases 传染病科
Department of pathology 病理科
Department of psychiatry 精神科
Department of orthopacdic surgery 矫形外科
Department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科
Department of cerebral surgery 脑外科
Department of thoracic surgery 胸外科
Pharmacy dispensary 药房
Nutrition department 营养部
Diet-preparation department 配膳室
Therapeutic department 治疗室
Operating room/Theater 手术室
Blood-bank 血站 Supply-room 供应室
Disinfection-room 消毒室
Dressing room 换药室
Mortuary 太平间
Record room 病案室
Department of plastic surgery 矫形外科
Department of physiotherapy 理疗科
electrotherapy room 电疗科
heliotherapy room 光疗科
wax-therapy room 蜡疗科
hydrotherapy room 水疗科
central laboratory 中心实验室
clinical laboratory 临床实验室
bacteriological laboratory 细菌实验室
biochemical laboratory 生化实验室
serological laboratory 血清实验室
X-ray room X光室
doctor's office 医生办公室
nurse's office 护士办公室
2.医务人员名称
director of the hospital 院长
physician 内科医师
chief physician 主任医师
associate chief physician 副主任医师
attending doctor 主治医师
resident doctor 住院医师
intern doctor 实习医师
general practitioner 全科医师
specialist 专科医师
head of the nursing department 护理部主任
Head nurse 护士长
Student nurse 实习护士
or 耳鼻喉科医师
Ophthalmologist 眼科医师
Dentist 牙科医师
Orthopedist 骨科医师
Dermatologist 皮肤科医师
urologist surgeon 泌尿外科医师
neurosurgeon 神经外科医师
plastic surgeon 矫形外科医师
anaesthetist 麻醉科医师
Doctor for tuberculosis 结核科医师
Physiotherapist 理疗科
Doctor for infectious diseases 传染病科
