众所周知，石油是工业的血液。各种石油产品与我们的衣食住行关系密切。如果缺少血液，人类将会面临生命危险。如果缺少石油，工业将会瘫痪。这是生活在工业社会的我们最不能接受的打击。
什么是石油危机
自石油诞生以来，我们的词典中产生了许多与石油相关的词汇。“石油危机”，是最让人类头痛的词之一。石油危机（OilCrisis）是世界经济受到石油价格的变化，所产生的经济危机。迄今为止，世界上发生了三次公认的石油危机，它们分别发生在1973年、1979年和1990年。中东是世界上最大的石油生产地，因此三次危机也和这个地区息息相关。1960年12月，石油输出国组织(OPEC)成立。作为世界上控制石油价格的关键组织，它也成了几次石油危机的导火索。
后果
石油危机是一场经济危机，因此它造成的最直接也是最严重的结果就是经济的衰退，尤其是发达国家的经济。第一次石油危机触发了第二次世界大战之后最严重的全球经济危机，所有的工业化国家的经济增长都明显放慢。在这场危机中，美国的工业生产下降了14%，日本的工业生产下降了20%以上。很多人都知道上世纪70年代末西方发生了一次严重经济危机，持续了半年多的第二次石油危机，是造成这次经济全面衰退的一个主要原因。第三次石油危机更是让美国、英国经济加速陷入衰退，全球GDP增长率在1991年跌破2%。
几次石油危机对全球经济造成严重冲击。同时，危机也迫使主要进口国积极寻找替代能源，开发节能技术，使世界能源市场发生了结构性变化。但是，与创新的技术与能源相比，石油及其副产品仍是人类生活的支柱，因此高油价仍是经济增长的一大风险。
可避免么？
石油危机给世界经济带来了如此大的伤害，那么，它可以被避免么？据目前世界的局势看，答案是“不”。石油危机是石油价格变动造成的，而石油价格变动受到政治与军事的很大影响。我们可以看出，三次石油危机，都是战争直接引起的。那么，为什么会发生战争呢？
首先，国家利益决定国际关系。为了争取到更多的资源给自己的.国家，石油生产国之间、生产国与进口国之间无法避免纠纷。一些霸权主义国家的加入，更使石油世界的局面更加混乱。其次，作为一种不可再生资源，石油是如此重要又如此稀少，因此各国对石油的争夺也越来越激烈。不仅仅是数量，“不平衡”是石油资源的供求分布的根本特征。这种不平衡从根本上导致了国际上各种因石油问题而产生的纠纷，甚至是战争。国家利益、政治博弈、石油储量、石油分布都是不可能轻易改变的，因此，石油危机不可避免（至少在短期内是这样的）。
应该怎么办？
然而，面对石油危机，人类也不是毫无办法的。为了应对石油危机，许多国家建立了战略石油储备制度。换句话说，一个国家的政府和企业要有石油储存库，保证国家在一定天数不进口的情况下也可以使用石油。国际能源署要求成员国至少要储备90天的石油，但世界上只有为数不多的国家战略石油储备达到90天以上。
同时，随着人类社会的不断发展，石油资源不断枯竭。也许几百年甚至几十年后，石油就会成为历史。世界各国都在竭力发展自己的新能源技术，大力开发各种可替代能源，比如风能、太阳能、核能等。随着新能源技术的发展，能源消费结构的改变，石油需求量会逐渐减小直至其最终退出历史舞台。
如今我们还是离不开石油的，因此我们要在石油的利用上多加思考。比如说，我们可以发展新技术，提高石油利用率；我们可以提倡节能，减少石油浪费等等。
从1996年起，我国就已经成为石油和石油产品净进口国。石油危机对我国的影响也不可避免。在这种情况下，我们更要保持冷静，理智应对石油危机。身为石油大学的学子，身为祖国未来的建设者，我们应该为国家的石油发展做出更加长远的思考与规划。
The oil crisis
As is known to all, oil is the blood of industry. All kinds of oil products is closely related to our daily life . If lacking blood, a man will face the danger of life. If lacking oil, the industry will be paralyzed. This is what we can’t accept in the industrial society .
What is the oil crisis
Since the birth of oil, our dictionary produces many words which are aassociated with oil. "Oil crisis", it is one of the worst word that makes human upset. The oil crisis is economic crisis that affected by the changes of the oil to now,there are three times generally acknowledged oil crisis, which took place in 1973, 1979 and 1990. The Middle East is the world's largest oil producer, so three oil crisis are relevant to the area. In December 1960, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded. As the key organization to control the price of oil in the world , it also became the spark of oil crisis.
The consequences
The oil crisis is an economic crisis, so the most direct and
serious result is the economic recession, especially in the developed countries. The first oil crisis triggered the most serious global economic crisis after the second world of the industrialized countries economic failed sharply. In this crisis, America's industrial production fell by 14%, Japan's industrial production fell by 20%. Many people know that there was a serous economic crisis in ’s resulted from the second oil crisis. Oil crisis has the serious impact on the global economy.
At the same time,it also forces countries to look for alternative energy, As the development of energy-saving technology, structural changes have taken place in the world energy market. However, compared with the innovation of technology and energy, oil and its products are still the support of our life, therefore, high oil prices is the risk of economic growth.
Can be avoided
The oil crisis gave the world economy so much it be avoidedAccording to the situation in the world, the answer is "no". The oil crisis is caused by oil price changes, the oil price fluctuation is greatly influenced by political and military. We can see that wars are the direct causes of the three oil crisis .
Why those wars happened
First of all, the interests of the state decides international relations. In order to get more resources to their country, oil producers, producers and importers cannot avoid disputes. Some hegemony countries make more chaos. Secondly, as a kind of non-renewable resources, oil is so important and so scarce, so scrambling for oil is becoming more and more fierce. "imbalance" is the fundamental characteristics of the distribution and demand of oil resources. This imbalance makes various international disputes caused by oil problem, even war. National interests、political game、oil reserves and oil distribution is impossible to change the oil crisis cann’t be avoided(at least in the short term).
What should I do
However, human isn’t weak for facing oil crisis,. In order to deal with oil crisis, many countries established the petroleum strategic reserve system. In other words, a country's government and enterprises should have oil repository to guarantee that it can use oil for several days without importing. The international energy agency members were required to reserve oil for 90 days at least.
At the same time, with the continuous development ofhuman society, oil resources has dried up. Perhaps hundreds of years or even decades later, oil will be the past. All countries in the world develop new energy technology and various alternative energy, such as wind, solar, nuclear, etc. With the development of new energy technology and the change of energy consumption structure, oil demand will reduce gradually until it eventually quit the historical stage.
Now, we still cann’t live without oil, so we need to think more on the use of oil. For example, we can develop new technology, improve the utilization rate of oil,promote energy saving , reduce waste of oil and so on.
Since 1996, our country has become a net importer of oil and oil products. The influence of the oil crisis for our country is inevitable. we must keep calm and have rational response to the oil crisis. As a student at The University of Petroleum, as the builders of our motherland in the future, we should make more long-term thinking and planning about the development of our country's oil.
