history of china(中国历史)
china, one of the four oldest civilizations in the world, has a written history of 4,000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites. it is the inventor of compass, pa-pe-r-ma-ki-ng, gunpowder and printing. the great wall, grand canal and karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago. now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the chinese nation. china has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society.
condensed china is an introduction to chinese history. it exists to inform, enlighten, and attract netizens interested in china. it is not a complete history of china; i deliberately skipped over and left out a lot of information. this is more like ''chinese history: the cliff notes version" or "chinese history's greatest hits" than a full-fledged history.
the state examination system with its 1500 years long history was the most important means of recruiting state officials in the large administration system of the chinese imperial state. still today, the chinese taiwan perpetuates this institution in the shape of the examination yuan , altough the taiwan government thinks about abolishing this institution because of its uselessness in a modern state. the method to recruit state officials by subjecting them to an examination on the one side opened access to higher posts to everyone who had fortune enough to finance ten years or more of intensive studies, but on the other side tied up manforce and capital that could otherwise serve for investment in business or in politics. and the intensive studies of confucian classics that was imposed on the candidates could also divert their thoughts and activities from critique or even rebellion - not always successful, like the case of the successless and disappointed candidate hong xiuquan, leader of the ta-iping rebellion, proves.
中国，其中四个最古老的文明，在世界上有文字记载的历史， 4000年，拥有丰富的文物和历史遗迹。它是发明指南针，造纸，火药和印刷。万里长城，大运河和坎儿井灌溉系统三大古代工程建成2000多年前。现在，他们正象征丰富中华民族文化。中国已经超过历史悠久的原始社会，奴隶制社会，封建社会和半封建半殖民社会和当前社会主义社会。
简明中国是一个介绍中国历史。它存在的通知，启示，并吸引有兴趣的网民在中国。这不是一个完整的中国历史;我故意跳过了，离开了很多资料。这是更像''中国历史：悬崖笔记版"或"中国历史上最伟大的点击"较全面的历史。
国家考试制度，其1500年的悠久历史是最重要的手段招揽国家官员在大型管理系统中皇国。直到今天，中国的高新技术产业在台湾这个机构中形成的考试院，虽然台湾政府认为取消这一机构，因为它无用，在一个现代国家。方法招揽国家官员对他们进行检查，对其中一方开获得更高职位，以每个人的财富，足以融资10年或更长时间的密集研究，但对对方捆-绑manforce和资本，否则担任投资业务或政治。和集约化研究儒家经典，是对考生也可疏导他们的思想和活动，从批判甚至反叛-并不总是成功的，像这样的s uccessless和失望候选人洪秀全领导的太平天国运动，证明了。
history of china
china, one of the four oldest civilizations in the world, has a written history of 4,000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites. it is the inventor of compass, pa-pe-r-ma-ki-ng, gunpowder and printing. the great wall, grand canal and karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago. now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the chinese nation. china has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society.
condensed china is an introduction to chinese history. it exists to inform, enlighten, and attract netizens interested in china. it is not a complete history of china; i deliberately skipped over and left out a lot of information. this is more like ''chinese history: the cliff notes version" or "chinese history's greatest hits" than a full-fledged history.
the state examination system with its 1500 years long history was the most important means of recruiting state officials in the large administration system of the chinese imperial state. still today, the chinese taiwan perpetuates this institution in the shape of the examination yuan , altough the taiwan government thinks about abolishing this institution because of its uselessness in a modern state. the method to recruit state officials by subjecting them to an examination on the one side opened access to higher posts to everyone who had fortune enough to finance ten years or more of intensive studies, but on the other side tied up manforce and capital that could otherwise serve for investment in business or in politics. and the intensive studies of confucian classics that was imposed on the candidates could also divert their thoughts and activities from critique or even rebellion - not always successful, like the case of the successless and disappointed candidate hong xiuquan, leader of the ta-iping rebellion, proves.
中国，其中四个最古老的文明，在世界上有文字记载的历史， 4000年，拥有丰富的文物和历史遗迹。它是发明指南针，造纸，火药和印刷。万里长城，大运河和坎儿井灌溉系统三大古代工程建成2000多年前。现在，他们正象征丰富中华民族文化。中国已经超过历史悠久的原始社会，奴隶制社会，封建社会和半封建半殖民社会和当前社会主义社会。
简明中国是一个介绍中国历史。它存在的通知，启示，并吸引有兴趣的网民在中国。这不是一个完整的`中国历史;我故意跳过了，离开了很多资料。这是更像''中国历史：悬崖笔记版"或"中国历史上最伟大的点击"较全面的历史。
国家考试制度，其1500年的悠久历史是最重要的手段招揽国家官员在大型管理系统中皇国。直到今天，中国的高新技术产业在台湾这个机构中形成的考试院，虽然台湾政府认为取消这一机构，因为它无用，在一个现代国家。方法招揽国家官员对他们进行检查，对其中一方开获得更高职位，以每个人的财富，足以融资10年或更长时间的密集研究，但对对方捆-绑manforce和资本，否则担任投资业务或政治。和集约化研究儒家经典，是对考生也可疏导他们的思想和活动，从批判甚至反叛-并不总是成功的，像这样的s uccessless和失望候选人洪秀全领导的太平天国运动，证明了。
as a country that pays great attention to courtesy, our cuisine culture is deep rooted in china''s history. as a visitor or guest in either a chinese home or restaurant you will find that table manners are essential and the distinctive courtesies displayed will invariably add to the enjoyment of your meals and keep you in high spirits!
respect first
it is really an admirable custom to respect others at the table, including the aged, teachers and guests while taking good care of children.
chinese people stress filial piety all the time. the practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless generations. in ancient times the common people led a needy life but they still tried their best to support the elder mother or father who took it for granted.
although the hosts in china are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. before starting to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. guests should not start to eat until the host says, ''please enjoy yourself'' or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
when hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around them. when the main dishes are prepared in a decorative form either by cut or other means they will be placed facing the major guests and elder people at the table. this also embodies virtue.
on chopsticks
china is the hometown of chopsticks. the culture of chopsticks has a long history in china. the tradition of using chopsticks as tableware was introduced to many other countries in the world such as vietnam, north korea and south korea.
the invention of chopsticks reflects the wisdom of chinese ancient people. a pair of chopsticks, though they look si-mp-le, can nip, pick, rip and stir food. nowadays, chopsticks are considered to be lucky gifts for marriage and other important ceremonies.
for more details, please click chinese chopsticks.
at important moments
to celebrate the birthday is important moment in one''s life. when one is young, usually he will eat noodles before his birthday, because the long noodles indicate the longevity in china, and birthday cake on the actual day. after middle age, his birthday will grander. in addition to the above, peaches in many forms will be added symbolizing the longevity and immortality, as well as delightful couplets and candles.
on the wedding day, it is also customary to serve chinese dates, peanuts, longan and chestnuts together as wish that the couple will soon have a baby in accord with the chinese proclamation.
to most chinese people, returning home after long absence or departure from home are both significant and there are food customs associated with this. the return home is greeted with noodles and off home while a farewell is offered with dumplings. this is especially popular in northeast china.
during the dragon boat festival, though many people cannot reach the river zone to watch the boat race, almost all of them eat the unique food -zongzi, a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. the festival on that day it is to venerate the patriotic poet qu yuan and the people fearing his lack of food, made the special meal for him. now the food is made in various shapes and sorts.
on the eighth day of the last month in the chinese lunar calendar, people will enjoy a nourishing porridge called ''la ba zhou''. in ancient times, monks would kindly share all sorts of food grains with people and made them flavorful porridge on this particular day. people still keep this convention.
in central china, when a baby is born, the happy father will send red boiled eggs to announce the news. eggs with a black pointed end and dots in an even number such as six or eight, indicates a boy''s birth; those without a black point and in an odd number like a five or seven will say the baby is a girl.
in addition to these, fish has always been used to suggest the accumulation of prosperity and wealth with meals on new year''s eve.
